Cov Kav Dej Sib Tw Rau Cov Kav Dej Loj
Hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, cov ntaub ntawv siv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub neej ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project. Ib qho khoom siv uas tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam vaj tse yog cov yeeb nkab vuam sib txuas. Cov yeeb nkab no feem ntau siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li cov kav dej loj thiab cov yeeb nkab roj, thiab lawv cov lus qhia, suav nrog cov yeeb nkab vuam thiab cov yeeb nkab sib txuas, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lawv ua tau zoo. Hauv cov blog no, peb yuav saib tob txogcov lus qhia txog cov yeeb nkab vuam sib txuasthiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam kev tsim kho.
Spiral seam yeeb nkabsraug tsim los ntawm kev siv txoj kev hu ua cov txheej txheem vuam kauv. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev siv cov hlau kub dov kom ua rau lub cylindrical zoo li thiab tom qab ntawd vuam raws li cov kab sib txuas kauv. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov yeeb nkab uas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv. Cov yeeb nkab no sivlub raj vuamthev naus laus zis thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho, ua kom lawv tiv taus ntau yam teeb meem ib puag ncig thiab kev nyuaj siab, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv av thiab hauv qab dej.
| Cov Khoom Siv Lub Cev Thiab Tshuaj Lom Zem Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Kav Hlau (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 thiab API Spec 5L) | ||||||||||||||
| Tus Qauv | Qib Hlau | Cov Tshuaj Cheebtsam (%) | Cov Khoom Siv Tensile | Charpy (V notch) Kev Ntsuas Qhov Cuam Tshuam | ||||||||||
| c | Mn | p | s | Si | Lwm yam | Lub zog tawm los (Mpa) | Lub zog tensile (Mpa) | （L0=5.65 √ S0）min Qhov Ncab Ncab (%) | ||||||
| siab tshaj plaws | siab tshaj plaws | siab tshaj plaws | siab tshaj plaws | siab tshaj plaws | feeb | siab tshaj plaws | feeb | siab tshaj plaws | D ≤ 168.33 hli | D > 168.3 hli | ||||
| GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 ＜ 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ntxiv Nb\V\Ti raws li GB/T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
| Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
| Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 ＜ 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| GB/T9711-2011 (PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Xaiv tau ntxiv ib qho ntawm Nb\V\Ti cov ntsiab lus lossis ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lawv | 175 | 310 | 27 | Ib lossis ob qho ntawm cov ntsuas kev tawv ntawm lub zog cuam tshuam thiab thaj chaw txiav yuav raug xaiv. Rau L555, saib tus qauv. | ||||
| L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
| L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
| L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
| L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
| L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
| L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
| L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
| API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Rau qib B hlau, Nb + V ≤ 0.03%; rau hlau ≥ qib B, xaiv tau ntxiv Nb lossis V lossis lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0 = 50.8 hli) yuav tsum tau xam raws li cov qauv hauv qab no: e = 1944 · A0 .2 / U0 .0 A: Thaj chaw ntawm cov qauv hauv mm2 U: Lub zog tensile tsawg kawg nkaus teev nyob rau hauv Mpa | Tsis muaj ib qho lossis ib qho lossis ob qho tib si ntawm lub zog cuam tshuam thiab thaj chaw shearing yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov ntsuas kev tawv. | ||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
| B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
| X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
| X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
| X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 | ||||||||
Thaum xav txog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov yeeb nkab sib txuas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov yam tseem ceeb xws li txoj kab uas hla, phab ntsa tuab thiab qib khoom siv. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab txiav txim siab nws lub peev xwm thauj cov kua lossis roj, thaum lub phab ntsa tuab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws cov qauv ruaj khov thiab kev tiv taus siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qib khoom siv sawv cev rau qhov zoo thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau siv thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog kom ntseeg tau tias lub neej ntev thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab hauv ib daim ntawv thov.
Hauv kev tsim kho ntawmcov kav dej tseem ceeb, cov kav dej sib txuas ua ke muaj ntau yam zoo. Lawv lub zog tensile siab thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev thauj dej mus deb, thaum lawv qhov kev ywj pheej tso cai rau kev teeb tsa yooj yim nyob ib puag ncig cov teeb meem thiab hauv thaj chaw nyuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov kav dej sib txuas ua ke hauv cov kav dej roj ntuj ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov roj ntuj, muab cov peev txheej tseem ceeb rau cov tsev nyob, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
Nyob rau sab kev tsim kho vaj tse, cov lus qhia txog cov yeeb nkab sib txuas yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam thiab cov cai kom ntseeg tau tias lawv zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, American Petroleum Institute (API) tau tsim cov qauv rau kev tsim khoom thiab siv cov yeeb nkab sib txuas uas qhia txog cov kev cai rau qhov loj me, lub zog, thiab cov txheej txheem sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) muab cov khoom siv sib xyaw thiab cov lus qhia txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab rau cov yeeb nkab sib txuas kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam.
Hauv kev xaus, cov yeeb nkab vuam sib txuas ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse. Txawm siv rau cov kav dej loj lossiscov kav roj, cov kav dej no muaj lub zog tsis muaj qhov sib piv, ruaj khov thiab hloov pauv tau yooj yim, ua rau lawv tsis tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam thiab cov cai, kev siv cov kav dej sib txuas ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho ruaj khov thiab kev vam meej hauv zej zog.
