1. Carbon (C) .Carbon yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau cov yas txias deformation ntawm cov hlau.Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus carbon, lub zog siab dua ntawm cov hlau, thiab qis dua ntawm cov yas yas.Nws tau raug pov thawj tias rau txhua txhua 0.1% nce hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon, lub zog tawm los nce txog 27.4Mpa;lub zog tensile nce txog 58.8Mpa;thiab elongation txo qis li 4.3%.Yog li cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv steel muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau cov yas txias deformation kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau.
2. Manganese (Mn).Manganese reacts nrog hlau oxide nyob rau hauv steel smelting, tsuas yog rau deoxidation ntawm hlau.Manganese reacts nrog hlau sulfide nyob rau hauv steel, uas yuav txo tau qhov teeb meem ntawm sulfur ntawm hlau.Cov tsim manganese sulfide tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau.Manganese tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog tensile thiab tawm dag zog ntawm cov hlau, txo cov yas yas, uas tsis zoo rau cov yas txias deformation ntawm hlau.Txawm li cas los xij, manganese muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub zog deformation Cov nyhuv tsuas yog kwv yees li 1/4 ntawm carbon.Yog li ntawd, tshwj tsis yog rau cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus manganese ntawm carbon hlau yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.9%.
3. Silicon (Si).Silicon yog qhov seem ntawm deoxidizer thaum lub sij hawm steel smelting.Thaum cov ntsiab lus silicon hauv cov hlau nce 0.1%, lub zog tensile nce txog 13.7Mpa.Thaum cov ntsiab lus silicon tshaj 0.17% thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon siab, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txo qis ntawm cov yas yas ntawm cov hlau.Kev ua kom cov ntsiab lus silicon hauv cov hlau zoo yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev txwv elastic, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau tsis kam Erosive.Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntsiab lus silicon hauv cov hlau ntau dua 0.15%, cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau tau tsim sai heev.Txawm hais tias lub siab silicon steel yog annealed, nws yuav tsis soften thiab txo cov yas txias deformation zog ntawm cov hlau.Yog li ntawd, ntxiv rau lub zog ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov khoom, cov ntsiab lus silicon yuav tsum raug txo kom ntau li ntau tau.
4. Sulfur (S).Sulfur yog ib qho teeb meem impurity.Cov sulfur nyob rau hauv steel yuav cais cov crystalline hais ntawm hlau los ntawm ib leeg thiab ua rau tawg.Lub xub ntiag ntawm leej faj kuj ua rau kub embrittlement thiab xeb ntawm hlau.Yog li, cov ntsiab lus sulfur yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.055%.Cov hlau zoo yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.04%.
5. Phosphorus (P).Phosphorus muaj zog ua hauj lwm hardening nyhuv thiab loj segregation nyob rau hauv cov hlau, uas ua rau kom lub txias brittleness ntawm cov hlau thiab ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog acid yaig.Phosphorus nyob rau hauv cov hlau tseem yuav deteriorate lub txias yas deformation muaj peev xwm thiab ua rau cov khoom tawg thaum lub sij hawm kos duab.Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov hlau yuav tsum tswj qis dua 0.045%.
6. Lwm cov ntsiab lus alloy.Lwm cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv carbon steel, xws li Chromium, Molybdenum thiab Nickel, muaj nyob hauv impurities, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua rau cov hlau dua li carbon, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem tsawg heev.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-13-2022