Kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov hlau

1. Carbon (C). Carbon yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv yas txias ntawm cov hlau. Cov pa roj carbon ntau dua, lub zog ntawm cov hlau ntau dua, thiab qhov qis dua ntawm kev hloov pauv txias. Nws tau ua pov thawj tias rau txhua 0.1% nce hauv cov pa roj carbon, lub zog tso zis nce ntxiv txog 27.4Mpa; lub zog tensile nce ntxiv txog 58.8Mpa; thiab qhov elongation txo qis txog 4.3%. Yog li cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv yas txias ntawm cov hlau.

2. Manganese (Mn). Manganese reacts nrog hlau oxide hauv steel smelting, feem ntau yog rau deoxidation ntawm hlau. Manganese reacts nrog hlau sulfide hauv hlau, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm sulfur rau hlau. Cov manganese sulfide tsim tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txiav ntawm hlau. Manganese tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog tensile thiab lub zog tso zis ntawm hlau, txo qhov txias plasticity, uas tsis zoo rau cov hlau txias deformation. Txawm li cas los xij, manganese muaj qhov tsis zoo rau lub zog deformation. Qhov cuam tshuam tsuas yog li 1/4 ntawm carbon. Yog li ntawd, tshwj tsis yog cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus manganese ntawm carbon hlau yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.9%.

3. Silicon (Si). Silicon yog cov seem ntawm deoxidizer thaum lub sijhawm smelting hlau. Thaum cov ntsiab lus silicon hauv hlau nce 0.1%, lub zog tensile nce li 13.7Mpa. Thaum cov ntsiab lus silicon tshaj 0.17% thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon siab, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev txo qis ntawm kev ua kom txias ntawm cov hlau. Kev nce cov ntsiab lus silicon hauv hlau kom raug yog qhov zoo rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov txwv elastic, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau tsis kam ua rau xeb. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntsiab lus silicon hauv hlau tshaj 0.15%, cov khoom tsis yog hlau raug tsim sai. Txawm tias cov hlau silicon siab raug annealed, nws yuav tsis mos thiab txo cov khoom ua kom txias ntawm cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog siab ntawm cov khoom, cov ntsiab lus silicon yuav tsum raug txo kom ntau li ntau tau.

4. Cov tshuaj sulfur (S). Cov tshuaj sulfur yog ib yam khoom tsis huv uas ua rau mob. Cov tshuaj sulfur hauv cov hlau yuav cais cov khoom siv crystalline ntawm cov hlau tawm ntawm ib leeg thiab ua rau tawg. Qhov muaj cov tshuaj sulfur kuj ua rau cov hlau kub hnyiab thiab xeb. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj sulfur yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.055%. Cov hlau zoo yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.04%.

5. Phosphorus (P). Phosphorus muaj zog ua haujlwm tawv thiab sib cais loj heev hauv cov hlau, uas ua rau cov hlau txias brittleness thiab ua rau cov hlau tsis yooj yim rau acid erosion. Phosphorus hauv cov hlau kuj tseem yuav ua rau lub peev xwm deformation txias ntawm cov yas puas tsuaj thiab ua rau cov khoom tawg thaum lub sijhawm kos duab. Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov hlau yuav tsum tswj kom qis dua 0.045%.

6. Lwm cov khoom sib xyaw. Lwm cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov hlau carbon, xws li Chromium, Molybdenum thiab Nickel, muaj nyob ua cov khoom tsis huv, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua rau cov hlau dua li carbon, thiab cov ntsiab lus kuj me heev.